This study addresses the issue of sustainable employment for female heads of households (FHH), a demographic disproportionately vulnerable to poverty and socioeconomic challenges. Employing a system dynamics (SD) approach, we developed a comprehensive model to analyze the complex interplay of factors affecting FHH employment, using the Barakat Foundation’s support policies in
Shiraz, Iran, as a case study. The model identifies critical feedback loops related to access to financial resources, skills training, business development support, and caregiving responsibilities. Through scenario analysis, we evaluated the effectiveness of various intervention strategies, revealing that isolated approaches, such as cash assistance alone, are not Suitable. Our findings demonstrate that a multifaceted strategy, combining targeted financial aid with business skills development, facilitated
access to loans, and childcare support, yields the most promising outcomes for sustainable employment.
This research highlights the necessity of holistic, system-wide interventions to address the interconnected challenges faced by FHH, offering valuable insights for policymakers and support organizations seeking to improve the economic well-being of this vulnerable population.